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Simultaneous removal of total oxidizable carbon, phosphate and various metallic ions from HO solution

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第4期   页码 470-482 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2231-6

摘要： Amino-functionalized zirconia was synthesized by the co-condensation method using zirconium butanol and 3-aminopropyltriethoxy silane for the simultaneous removal of various impurities from aqueous 30% H2O2 solution. The results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Zeta potential showed that the content of N in amino-functionalized zirconia increased with the added amount of 3-aminopropyltriethoxy silane. Accordingly, the removal efficiency of total oxidizable carbon, phosphate and metallic ions from the H2O2 solution increased. The adsorbent with an N content of 1.62% exhibited superior adsorption performance. The removal efficiency of 82.7% for total oxidizable carbon, 34.2% for phosphate, 87.1% for Fe3+, 83.2% for Al3+, 55.1% for Ca2+ and 66.6% for Mg2+, with a total adsorption capacity of 119.6 mg·g–1, could be achieved. The studies conducted using simulated solutions showed that the adsorption process of phosphate on amino-functionalized zirconia is endothermic and spontaneous, and the behaviors could be well described by the pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 186.7 mg·g–1. The characterizations of the spent adsorbents by Zeta potential, FTIR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the adsorption mechanism of phosphate is predominantly electrostatic attraction by the protonated functional groups and complementary ligand exchange with zirconium hydroxyl groups.

关键词： adsorption     zirconia     total oxidizable carbon     phosphate     metallic ions     hydrogen peroxide    

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Screening of textile finishing agents available on the Chinese market: An important source of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances to the environment

Mehvish Mumtaz, Yixiang Bao, Wenchao Li, Lingxiao Kong, Jun Huang, Gang Yu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1145-0

摘要： Kendrick mass defect was used for PFASs screening in textile finishing agents (TFAs). Total oxidizable precursor assay provides insight into unknown precursors. Perfluorooctane sulfonate was found as impurity in short ECF technology based TFAs. Perfluorooctanoate was also detected in C6 telomerization based TFAs. Long chain precursors were also observed in both types of TFAs. Organofluorinated surfactants are widely employed in textile finishing agents (TFAs) to achieve oil, water, and stain repellency. This has been regarded as an important emission source of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) to the environment. China is the biggest manufacturer of clothes, and thus TFA production is also a relevant industrial activity. Nevertheless, to date, no survey has been conducted on PFAS contents in commercially available TFAs. In the present study, TFA products were investigated by the Kendrick mass defect method. The quantification results demonstrated a significant presence of perfluorooctane sulfonate (0.37 mg/L) in TFAs manufactured by electrochemical fluorination technology. The products obtained by short-chain PFAS-based telomerization were dominated by perfluorooctanoic acid (mean concentration: 0.29 mg/L), whose values exceeded the limits stated in the European Chemical Agency guidelines (0.025 mg/L). Moreover, the total oxidizable precursor assay indicated high levels of indirectly quantified precursors with long alkyl chains (C7–C9). Together, these results suggest that there is currently a certain of environmental and health risks in China that originates from the utilization of TFAs, and a better manufacturing processes are required to reduce such risks.

关键词： Textile finishing agents     Kendrick mass defect     Total oxidizable precursor assay    

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Impact of total organic carbon and chlorine to ammonia ratio on nitrification in a bench-scale drinking

Yongji ZHANG, Lingling ZHOU, Guo ZENG, Huiping DENG, Guibai LI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第4期   页码 430-437 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0247-5

摘要： Nitrification occurs in chloraminated drinking water systems and is affected by water quality parameters. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of total organic carbon and chlorine to ammonia ratio on nitrification potential in a simulated drinking water distribution system as during chloramination. The occurrence of nitrification and activity of nitrifying bacteria was primarily monitored using four rotating annular bioreactors (RAB) with different chlorine to ammonia ratios and total organic carbon (TOC) levels. The results indicated that nitrification occurred despite at a low influent concentration of ammonia, and a high concentration of nitrite nitrogen was detected in the effluent. The study illustrated that reactors 1(R1) and 3 (R3), with higher TOC levels, produced more nitrite nitrogen, which was consistent with the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) counts, and was linked to a relatively more rapid decay of chloramines in comparison to their counterparts (R2 and R4). The AOB and HPC counts were correlated during the biofilm formation with the establishment of nitrification. Biofilm AOB abundance was also higher in the high TOC reactors compared with the low TOC reactors. The chlorine to ammonia ratio did not have a significant impact on the occurrence of nitrification. Bulk water with a high TOC level supported the occurrence of nitrification, and AOB development occurred at all examined chlorine to ammonia dose ratios (3∶1 or 5∶1).

关键词： nitrification     drinking water     ammonia- oxidizing bacteria (AOB)     chloramines     organic carbon     heterotrophic bacteria    

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Emission components characteristics of a bi-fuel vehicle at idling condition

Sameh M. METWALLEY, Shawki A. ABOUEL-SEOUD, Abdelfattah M. FARAHAT

《能源前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第3期   页码 322-329 doi: 10.1007/s11708-011-0158-6

摘要： Natural gas (NG) represents today a promising alternative to conventional fuels for road vehicles propulsion, since it is characterized by a relatively low cost, better geopolitical distribution than oil, and lower environmental impact. This explains the current spreading of compressed natural gas (CNG) fuelled spark ignition (SI) engine, above all in the bi-fuel version, which is able to run either with gasoline or with NG. However, the aim of the present investigation is to evaluate the emission characteristics at idling condition. The vehicle engine was converted to bi-fueling system from a gasoline engine, and operated separately either with gasoline or CNG. Two different fuel injection systems (i.e., multi-point injection (MPI)-sequential and closed-loop venturi-continuous) are used, and their influences on the formation of emissions at different operating conditions are examined. A detailed comparative analysis of the engine exhaust emissions using gasoline and CNG is made. The results indicate that the CNG shows low air index and lower emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO ), and total hydrocarbon (THC) compared to gasoline.

关键词： road vehicle engine     fuel injection systems     carbon monoxide (CO)     carbon dioxide (CO2)     total hydrocarbon (THC)     vehicle idle conditions     air index    

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Advantages of intermittently aerated SBR over conventional SBR on nitrogen removal for the treatment of digested piggery wastewater

Xiaoyan Song, Rui Liu, Lujun Chen, Baogang Dong, Tomoki Kawagishi

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0941-7

摘要： An intermittently aerated sequencing batch reactor (IASBR) and a traditional sequencing batch reactor (SBR) were parallelly constructed to treat digested piggery wastewater, which was in high NH -N concentration but in a low COD/TN ratio. Their pollutant removal performance was compared under COD/TN ratios of 1.6–3.4 d and hydraulic retention times of 5–3 d. The results showed that the IASBR removed TN, NH -N and TOC more efficiently than the SBR. The average removal rates of TN, NH -N and TOC were 83.1%, 96.5%, and 89.0%, respectively, in the IASBR, significantly higher than the corresponding values of 74.8%, 82.0%, and 86.2% in the SBR. Mass balance of organic carbon revealed that the higher TN removal in the IASBR might be attributed to its efficient utilization of the organic carbon for denitrification, since that 48.7%–52.2% of COD was used for denitrification in the IASBR, higher than the corresponding proportion of 43.1%–47.4% in the SBR. A pre-anoxic process in the IASBR would enhance the ammonium oxidation while restrict the nitrite oxidation. Anoxic duration of 40–80 min should be beneficial for achieving stable nitritation.

关键词： Anoxic stress     Carbon source     Digested piggery wastewater     Intermittently aerated SBR (IASBR)     Total nitrogen    

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现代高纯水

闻瑞梅

《中国工程科学》 2000年 第2卷 第1期   页码 68-72

摘要：

论述了超大规模集成电路与高纯水的关系以及对水质的要求；研究了高纯水制备的几个关键新技术及提高高纯水质量的方法，该方法能有效地降低高纯水中的总有机碳、细菌、细菌内毒素、溶解氧等；讨论了高纯水常用各种管材的污染，并列举了大量数据和应用实例。

关键词： 高纯水     超大规模集成电路     总有机碳     细菌     溶解氧    

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Concentration levels of disinfection by-products in 14 swimming pools of China

Xiaolu ZHANG,Hongwei YANG,Xiaofeng WANG,Yu ZHAO,Xiaomao WANG,Yuefeng XIE

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第6期   页码 995-1003 doi: 10.1007/s11783-015-0797-7

摘要： Swimming has become a popular exercising and recreational activity in China but little is known about the disinfection by-products (DBPs) concentration levels in the pools. This study was conducted as a survey of the DBPs in China swimming pools, and to establish the correlations between the DBP concentrations and the pool water quality parameters. A total of 14 public indoor and outdoor pools in Beijing were included in the survey. Results showed that the median concentrations for total trihalomethanes (TTHM), nine haloacetic acids (HAA9), chloral hydrate (CH), four haloacetonitriles (HAN4), 1,1-dichloropropanone, 1,1,1-trichloropropanone and trichloronitromethane were 33.8, 109.1, 30.1, 3.2, 0.3, 0.6 µg?L and below detection limit, respectively. The TTHM and HAA9 levels were in the same magnitude of that in many regions of the world. The levels of CH and nitrogenous DBPs were greatly higher than and were comparable to that in typical drinking water, respectively. Disinfection by chlorine dioxide or trichloroisocyanuric acid could substantially lower the DBP levels. The outdoor pools had higher TTHM and HAA9 levels, but lower trihaloacetic acids (THAA) levels than the indoor pools. The TTHM and HAA9 concentrations could be moderately correlated with the free chlorine and total chlorine residuals but not with the total organic carbon (TOC) contents. When the DBP concentration levels from other survey studies were also included for statistical analysis, a good correlation could be established between the TTHM levels and the TOC concentration. The influence of chlorine residual on DBP levels could also be significant.

关键词： disinfection by-products (DBPs)     swimming pool     correlation     total organic carbon (TOC)     chlorine residual     bather load    

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Implementation of total Lagrangian formulation for the elasto-plastic analysis of plane steel frames

Bing XIA, Yuching WU, Zhanfei HUANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第3期   页码 257-266 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0163-9

摘要： In this paper, the co-rotational total Lagrangian forms of finite element formulations are derived to perform elasto-plastic analysis for plane steel frames that either experience increasing external loading at ambient temperature or constant external loading at elevated temperatures. Geometric nonlinearities and thermal-expansion effects are considered. A series of programs were developed based on these formulations. To verify the accuracy and efficiency of the nonlinear finite element programs, numerical benchmark tests were performed, and the results from these tests are in a good agreement with the literature. The effects of the nonlinear terms of the stiffness matrices on the computational results were investigated in detail. It was also demonstrated that the influence of geometric nonlinearities on the incremental steps of the finite element analysis for plane steel frames in the presence of fire is limited.

关键词： co-rotational     total Lagrangian     geometrical nonlinearity     fire     elasto-plastic    

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Exergy and exergoeconomic analyses for integration of aromatics separation with aromatics upgrading

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第2期   页码 183-193 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2192-9

摘要： Methanol to aromatics produces multiple products, resulting in a limited selectivity of xylene. Aromatics upgrading is an effective way to produce more valuable xylene product, and different feed ratios generate discrepant product distributions. This work integrates the aromatics separation with toluene disproportionation, transalkylation of toluene and trimethylbenzene, and isomerization of xylene and trimethylbenzene. Exergy and exergoeconomic analyses are conducted to give insights in the splitting ratios of benzene, toluene and heavy aromatics for aromatics upgrading. First, a detailed simulation model is developed in Aspen HYSYS. Then, 300 splitting ratio sets of benzene and toluene for conversion are studied to investigate the process performances. The results indicate that there are different preferences for the splitting ratios of benzene and toluene in terms of exergy and exergoeconomic performances. The process generates lower total exergy destruction when the splitting ratio of toluene varies between 0.07 and 0.18, and that of benzene fluctuates between 0.55 and 0.6. Nevertheless, the process presents lower total product unit cost with the splitting ratio of toluene less than 0.18 and that of benzene fluctuating between 0.44 and 0.89. Besides, it is found that distillation is the biggest contributor to the total exergy destruction, accounting for 94.97%.

关键词： aromatics separation and upgrading     variant splitting ratios     total exergy destruction     total product unit cost    

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Critical flow-storm approach to total maximum daily load (TMDL) development: an analytical conceptual

Zhang Harry, Yu Shaw

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第3期   页码 267-273 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0058-0

摘要： One of the key challenges in the total maximum daily load (TMDL) development process is how to define the critical condition for a receiving waterbody. The main concern in using a continuous simulation approach is the absence of any guarantee that the most critical condition will be captured during the selected representative hydrologic period, given the scarcity of long-term continuous data. The objectives of this paper are to clearly address the critical condition in the TMDL development process and to compare continuous and event-based approaches in defining critical condition during TMDL development for a waterbody impacted by both point and nonpoint source pollution. A practical, event-based critical flow-storm (CFS) approach was developed to explicitly addresses the critical condition as a combination of a low stream flow and a storm event of a selected magnitude, both having certain frequencies of occurrence. This paper illustrated the CFS concept and provided its theoretical basis using a derived analytical conceptual model. The CFS approach clearly defined a critical condition, obtained reasonable results and could be considered as an alternative method in TMDL development.

关键词： representative hydrologic     occurrence     simulation approach     scarcity     alternative    

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From total quality management to Quality 4.0: A systematic literature review and future research agenda

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第2期   页码 191-205 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0243-z

摘要： Quality 4.0 is an emerging concept that has been increasingly appreciated because of the intensification of competition, continually changing customer requirements and technological evolution. It deals with aligning quality management practices with the emergent capabilities of Industry 4.0 to improve cost, time, and efficiency and increase product quality. This article aims to comprehensively review extant studies related to Quality 4.0 to uncover current research trends, distil key research topics, and identify areas for future research. Thus, 46 journal articles extracted from the Scopus database from 2017 to 2022 were collected and reviewed. A descriptive analysis was first performed according to the year-wise publication, sources of publication, and research methods. Then, the selected articles were analyzed and classified according to four research themes: Quality 4.0 concept, Quality 4.0 implementation, quality management in Quality 4.0, and Quality 4.0 model and application. By extracting the literature review findings, we identify the Quality 4.0 definitions and features, develop the quality curve theory, and highlight future research opportunities. This study supports practitioners, managers, and academicians in effectively recognizing and applying Quality 4.0 to enhance customer satisfaction, achieve innovation enterprise efficiency, and increase organizational competitiveness in the era of Industry 4.0.

关键词： quality management     Quality 4.0     Industry 4.0     literature review     predictive quality    

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Microalgal bioremediation of food-processing industrial wastewater under mixotrophic conditions: Kinetics and scale-up approach

Suvidha Gupta,R. A. Pandey,Sanjay B. Pawar

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第4期   页码 499-508 doi: 10.1007/s11705-016-1602-2

摘要： The microalgae were mixotrophically cultivated in an unsterilized and unfiltered raw food-processing industrial wastewater. Both inorganic carbon (CO -air) and organic carbon (wastewater) were provided simultaneously for microalgae growth. The aim of the study is to find out the utilization rates of total organic carbon (TOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) under mixotrophic conditions for a given waste water. About 90% reduction in TOC and COD were obtained for all dilutions of wastewater. Over 60% of nitrate and 40% of phosphate were consumed by microalgae from concentrated raw wastewater. This study shows that microalgae can use both organic and inorganic sources of carbon in more or less quantity under mixotrophic conditions. The growth of microalgae in food-processing industrial wastewater with all studied dilution factors, viz. zero (raw), 1.6 (dilution A), and 5 (dilution B) suggests that the freshwater requirement could be reduced substantially (20%–60%). The degradation kinetics also suggests that the microalgae cultivation on a high COD wastewater is feasible and scalable.

关键词： total organic carbon     wastewater bioremediation     kinetics     mixotrophic cultivation    

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Total stress rapid drawdown analysis of the Pilarcitos Dam failure using the finite element method

Daniel R. VANDENBERGE

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第2期   页码 115-123 doi: 10.1007/s11709-014-0249-7

摘要： Rapid drawdown is a critical design condition for the upstream or riverside slope of earth dams and levees. A new total stress rapid drawdown method based on finite element analysis is used to analyze the rapid drawdown failure that occurred at Pilarcitos Dam in 1969. Effective consolidation stresses in the slope prior to drawdown are determined using linear elastic finite element analysis. Undrained strengths from isotropically consolidated undrained (ICU) triaxial compression tests are related directly to the calculated consolidation stresses and assigned to the elements in the model by interpolation. Two different interpretations of the undrained strength envelope are examined. Strength reduction finite element analyses are used to evaluate stability of the dam. Back analysis suggests that undrained strengths from ICU tests must be reduced by 30% for use with this rapid drawdown method. The failure mechanism predicted for Pilarcitos Dam is sensitive to the relationship between undrained strength and consolidation stress.

关键词： rapid drawdown     finite element     total stress     slope stability    

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A total torque index for dynamic performance evaluation of a radial symmetric six-legged robot

Kejia LI, Xilun DING, Marco CECCARELL

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第7卷 第2期   页码 219-230 doi: 10.1007/s11465-012-0320-9

摘要：

This article focuses on the dynamic index and performance of a radial symmetric six-legged robot. At first the structure of the robot is described in brief and its inverse kinematics is presented. Then the dynamic model is formulated as based on the Lagrange equations. A novel index of total torque is proposed by considering the posture of the supporting legs. The new index can be used to optimize the leg’s structure and operation for consuming minimum power and avoiding unstable postures of the robot. A characterization of the proposed six-legged robot is obtained by a parametric analysis of robot performance through simulation using the presented dynamic model. Main influences are outlined as well as the usefulness of the proposed performance index.

关键词： six-legged robots     dynamic modeling     performance index    

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Total phosphorus concentrations in surface water of typical agro- and forest ecosystems in China, 2004

Juan XIE,Xinyu ZHANG,Zhiwei XU,Guofu YUAN,Xinzhai TANG,Xiaomin SUN,D.J. BALLANTINE

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第4期   页码 561-569 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0601-5

摘要： The concentrations of total phosphorus (TP) from 83 surface water sampling sites in 29 of the Chinese Ecosystem Research Network (CERN) monitored ecosystems, representing typical agro- and forest ecosystems, were assessed using monitoring data collected between 2004 and 2010 from still and flowing surface water. Results showed that, TP concentrations were significantly higher in agro-ecosystems than those in forest ecosystems both for still and flowing surface water. For agro-ecosystems, TP concentrations in the southern area were significantly higher than those in the northern and north-western areas for both still and flowing surface water, however no distinct spatial pattern was observed for forest ecosystems. In general, the median values of TP within agro- and forest ecosystems did not exceed the Class V guideline for still (0.2 mg·L ) or flowing (0.4 mg·L ) surface water, however, surface water at some agro-ecosystem sampling sites was frequently polluted by TP. Elevated concentrations were mainly found in still surface water at the Changshu, Fukang, Linze and Naiman monitored ecosystems, where exceedance (>0.2 mg·L ) frequencies varied from 43% to 78%. For flowing water, elevated TP concentrations were found at the Hailun, Changshu and Shapotou monitored ecosystems, where exceedance (>0.4 mg·L ) frequencies varied from 29% to 100%. Irrational fertilization, frequent irrigation and livestock manure input might be the main contributors of high TP concentrations in these areas, and reduced fertilizer applications, improvements in irrigation practices and centralized treatment of animal waste are necessary to control P loss in these TP vulnerable zones.

关键词： Chinese Ecosystem Research Network (CERN)     total phosphorus (TP)     surface water     ecosystem type     spatial variation    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Simultaneous removal of total oxidizable carbon, phosphate and various metallic ions from HO solution

期刊论文

Screening of textile finishing agents available on the Chinese market: An important source of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances to the environment

Mehvish Mumtaz, Yixiang Bao, Wenchao Li, Lingxiao Kong, Jun Huang, Gang Yu

期刊论文

Impact of total organic carbon and chlorine to ammonia ratio on nitrification in a bench-scale drinking

Yongji ZHANG, Lingling ZHOU, Guo ZENG, Huiping DENG, Guibai LI

期刊论文

Emission components characteristics of a bi-fuel vehicle at idling condition

Sameh M. METWALLEY, Shawki A. ABOUEL-SEOUD, Abdelfattah M. FARAHAT

期刊论文

Advantages of intermittently aerated SBR over conventional SBR on nitrogen removal for the treatment of digested piggery wastewater

Xiaoyan Song, Rui Liu, Lujun Chen, Baogang Dong, Tomoki Kawagishi

期刊论文

现代高纯水

闻瑞梅

期刊论文

Concentration levels of disinfection by-products in 14 swimming pools of China

Xiaolu ZHANG,Hongwei YANG,Xiaofeng WANG,Yu ZHAO,Xiaomao WANG,Yuefeng XIE

期刊论文

Implementation of total Lagrangian formulation for the elasto-plastic analysis of plane steel frames

Bing XIA, Yuching WU, Zhanfei HUANG

期刊论文

Exergy and exergoeconomic analyses for integration of aromatics separation with aromatics upgrading

期刊论文

Critical flow-storm approach to total maximum daily load (TMDL) development: an analytical conceptual

Zhang Harry, Yu Shaw

期刊论文

From total quality management to Quality 4.0: A systematic literature review and future research agenda

期刊论文

Microalgal bioremediation of food-processing industrial wastewater under mixotrophic conditions: Kinetics and scale-up approach

Suvidha Gupta,R. A. Pandey,Sanjay B. Pawar

期刊论文

Total stress rapid drawdown analysis of the Pilarcitos Dam failure using the finite element method

Daniel R. VANDENBERGE

期刊论文

A total torque index for dynamic performance evaluation of a radial symmetric six-legged robot

Kejia LI, Xilun DING, Marco CECCARELL

期刊论文

Total phosphorus concentrations in surface water of typical agro- and forest ecosystems in China, 2004

Juan XIE,Xinyu ZHANG,Zhiwei XU,Guofu YUAN,Xinzhai TANG,Xiaomin SUN,D.J. BALLANTINE

期刊论文